Human papillomavirus (HPV) tests that check for mRNA E6/E7 are crucial in detecting high-risk forms of the virus. E6 and E7 proteins present in certain types of HPV viruses are known to increase the risk of cancer. The presence of mRNA E6/E7 in an HPV test signifies that the virus is instructing cells to produce these proteins, which play a key role in the transformation of healthy cells into cancerous cells. While a positive result does not confirm the presence of cancer, it does indicate the presence of high-risk HPV that may lead to cancer.
When an HPV test detects HPV mRNA E6/E7, it means that an individual has a high-risk type of HPV that has the potential to progress to cancer. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) states that the immune system can typically clear HPV infections within 1 to 2 years. However, if the infection persists, it can lead to precancerous cell changes that may evolve into cancer over time. HPV is responsible for approximately 5% of all cancers globally, resulting in around 630,000 cases each year.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved HPV testing specifically for cervical cancer screening. If HPV mRNA E6/E7 is detected in an HPV test, healthcare professionals may recommend a range of actions, including retesting in 1 to 3 years, undergoing a colposcopy to examine abnormal cervical areas, or having a cervical biopsy to assess cell abnormalities. In cases of high-grade cervical cell changes, treatment options such as conization, cryoablation, laser therapy, or total hysterectomy may be suggested to manage the precancerous cells.
According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), individuals aged 25 to 65 should undergo an HPV test every 5 years. If primary HPV testing is unavailable, a combination of HPV and Pap tests every 5 years or Pap tests every 3 years is recommended. It is crucial to undergo HPV testing if an abnormal Pap test result is received. While high-risk HPV infections typically do not manifest symptoms, some HPV-related cancers may present with symptoms like bleeding, pain, or lumps. Contacting a doctor promptly if any concerning symptoms arise is essential for timely intervention.
High-risk HPV is often sexually transmitted, leading to the production of E6 and E7 proteins by the virus. Detection of HPV mRNA E6/E7 does not confirm cancer but signals the presence of high-risk HPV. Regular HPV testing is crucial in identifying infections and preventing the progression to cancer or managing precancerous cells. Understanding the significance of HPV mRNA E6/E7 testing is key in cancer prevention and early intervention efforts.