Peritoneal mesothelioma is a devastating cancer that strikes the membrane lining the abdomen and its organs, known as the peritoneum. It is the second most common type of mesothelioma, and it can spread rapidly to surrounding organs, making early diagnosis incredibly challenging. The incidence of peritoneal mesothelioma in the United States is on the rise, with an estimated 19.4 million cases among males and 4.1 million cases among females. This aggressive cancer poses a significant threat to those who have been exposed to asbestos, a common risk factor for developing peritoneal mesothelioma.
Asbestos exposure is responsible for approximately one-third of peritoneal mesothelioma cases. While occupational exposure to asbestos is a significant risk factor, it is important to note that individuals can develop this cancer even without direct contact with asbestos. Those working in industries such as construction, electrical work, roofing, plumbing, or automotive may be at higher risk. Additionally, radiation exposure and certain genetic variations, particularly those related to the BAP1 gene, can increase the likelihood of developing mesothelioma.
Challenges in Diagnosing Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Diagnosing peritoneal mesothelioma is no easy task, especially in its early stages when symptoms may not be apparent. Doctors often struggle to differentiate peritoneal mesothelioma from other types of cancer due to overlapping symptoms. To confirm a diagnosis, a combination of tests is usually performed, including imaging scans, biopsies, and a thorough examination of the patient’s medical history. The median age at the time of diagnosis is around 63.3 years, underscoring the prevalence of this cancer in older adults with a history of asbestos exposure.
Treatment Options for Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for peritoneal mesothelioma. However, various treatment modalities can help manage symptoms and improve a person’s quality of life. One common approach is cytoreduction with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), a combination of surgery and targeted chemotherapy that aims to remove cancerous tumors and kill remaining cancer cells in the abdomen. Another option is systemic chemotherapy, which uses a combination of drugs to slow down cancer growth and alleviate symptoms.
The Role of Targeted Therapy and Radiation
For individuals with peritoneal mesothelioma linked to specific genetic mutations, targeted therapy may be a viable treatment option. This personalized approach targets genetic changes that contribute to cancer cell growth. Radiation therapy can also be beneficial in killing cancer cells in localized areas following surgery. Additionally, radiation therapy is often used in palliative care to alleviate symptoms such as abdominal pain and improve quality of life for patients with advanced peritoneal mesothelioma.
The 5-year survival rate for individuals with peritoneal mesothelioma is approximately 30%, highlighting the challenges in treating this aggressive cancer. However, advancements in cancer treatments, along with early detection and personalized therapies, offer hope for improved outcomes for patients in the future. While there is no definitive cure for peritoneal mesothelioma, ongoing research and innovative treatment approaches continue to shape the landscape of mesothelioma care and pave the way for a brighter future for those affected by this disease.